Introduction professional instruments

Over the last 60 years, Silva, founded in the early 30's, has been the worlds leading compass manufacturer. Today, the production volume is approx. 2 million compasses/instruments. Silva Compasses/Instruments, around the world, are known for their excellency in accuracy, durability and user-friendliness. They are therefore the natural choice for expeditions and demanding professional users all over the world.

Professional Instruments made by the worlds leading compass manufacturer.

When it comes to measuring angles, vertical and horizontal, the Silva Group offers you an unique know-how, thanks to the tradition of being the world's leading compass manufacturer. Regardless whether you are a forestor, geologist, engineer, the military or occupied with another profession in this field, you will find in this catalogue the markets most complete assortment in precision compasses and clinometers/height meters to choose from. All instruments presented have some, very important things in common. They all breath quality, accuracy, reliability and value for money, things you depend upon in your profession!

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Intro ClinoMaster Clinometers/Heightmeters

This type of hand held clinometer/heightmeter is perfect for quickly and very accurately measuring vertical angles/heights.

Typical users of this kind of instrument are: Forestors, geologists, engineers (construction, telecom), miners, architects and others who have to measure vertical angles/heights in for ex. the forest, city, quarries, mines, caves, buildings etc.

The benefits of the precision clinometers/heightmeters are:

• Very easy to read thanks to the light strong, crystal-clear scale
• Available with different angle/heightscales depending on user category
• Available with a distance prism making it easy to measure the horizontal distance to the object of whichs height is to be measured
• Available in a special Forest-version with a built-in relascope for timber volume calculation
• Quick settling-time thanks to the liquid-damped scale
• Extremely accurate

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How to use the Clino Master

Measure the height of an object using the %-scale.

1. Place yourself at a suitable distance from the object. For.example 10 metres
2. Hold the clinometer vertically close to one of your eyes.
3. Sight with both eyes towards the top of the object.
4. Read the angle/height at the index line. Because of the optical illusion, the indexline will appear to "stand out" from the clinometers housing making it easy to very accurately read the correct angle. For example 70%
5. Remember to add the angle/height below the horizontal line to the first reading, in order to obtain the correct height of the object. For.ex. 15%
6. In this example the correct height of the object would be 70%+15%=85% x 10 metres = 8.5 metres

On models with height scales, you can read out the correct height directly from the scale on different distances from the object. This simplifies the height measurement because no calculation has to be made.

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How to use the Clino Master equipped with a Distance Prism (DP-models)

The Clino Master-models equipped with a Distance Prism (DP) in combination with accessories Reference Standard Lath RS25 or RS50, is used for determination of the distance to the object (tree) of which the height is to be measured.

Use the number of Lath sections, according to the distance you would like to stand when measuring the objects height. (i.e. which height scale in the Clino Master you prefer to use).

i.e. every new unfolded section adds another 5 metres to the distance from the Lath.

Determination of the distance

Let us say that you are to use the 15 metre height-scale in your CM 1015/2025 LA/DP for measuring the height of a tree. Unfold 2 sections of the Lath (making a total of 3 sections visible).

1. Hang the Lath on the tree and move back a few metres.
2. Hold the ClinoMaster in your right hand and sight through the Distance Prism (situated in the corner of the aluminium body).
3. You will now see two Laths through the Distance Prism - this is an optical illusion created by the Distance Prism.
4. Adjust your distance to the tree until the two Laths seem to be edge to edge above each other. You are now at the correct distance i.e. 15 metres. (If the image of the Lath seems to be split, you are too close. If they have came apart you are too far away).
5. Sight towards the top of the tree through the ClinoMaster's sight and read the height at the 15 metre scale. Remember to add the height of the tree below the 0 meter marking in the instrument.

How to use the RELASCOPE for timber volume estimation

The SILVA CM Heightmeters equipped with a Relascope are used to determine the volume of timber in forest. The Relascope method is a well known method of timber volume estimation in the forestry industry. The Relascope models have to be used in combination with a timber volume table (included with the Relascope-models). The estimation of the timber volume per ha (hectare) with a Relascope, is based upon the measuring of the base area of the trunk surface (at 1,3 metres from the base of the tree) in combination with the average height of the trees. With the above mentioned data, the timber volume/ha can be read out in the timber volume table

1. Position yourself in the centre of a tree stand that is representative for the average of the forest.
2. Hold the end of the chain against your cheek and sight through the slot on the edge of the Heightmeter towards a position 1,3 metres up the tree.
3. All trees wider than the slot are counted. Every second tree having the same thickness as the slot, is also counted. Proceed counting trees as explained, as you turn around (360°).
4. The number of trees counted represents the current base area of the forest.
5. Determine the average height of the trees using your heightmeter.
6. Read out the current timber volume/ha at the intersection of the obtained base area column and the average height of the trees row in the timber volume table.

The SILVA ClinoMaster Heightmeter Relascope is equipped with two multiplication factors (1 and 2). By using the ring on the middle of the chain the slots relative opening will become twice as wide, which means that the number of trees counted has to be multiplied by two to obtain the correct base area value

Scales available in the assortment:

• 360% 0-90° scale and 0-150% scale.
• 400% 0-100 gon scale and 0-150% scale.
• SEC/% Secant scale which enables measurement of sloping distance when horizontal distance is known and vice versa and 0-150% scale. 1015/2025 Height scales for distances 10, 15, 20 and 25 metres to the object. By doubling or halfing the height reading, it can easily be used at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 metres distance from the object.
• 2015% Height scales for distances 15 and 20 metres to the object. By doubling or halfing the height reading, it can easily be used at 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 metres distance from the object. Also equipped with a 0-150% scale.
• 2015 DEG Height scales for distances 15 and 20 metres to the object. By doubling or halfing the height reading, it can easily be used at 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 metres distance from the object. Also equipped with a 0-90° scale.
• 66% Height scale for distance 66 feet to the object which is to be measured and a 0-150% scale.